toxic and nutritional optic neuropathy

toxic optic neuropathy (ton) is a group of medical disorders which can be defined by visual impairment due to optic nerve damage by a toxin. the exposure to a toxic substance can occur at the workplace, with ingestion of materials/ foods containing a toxin, or the use of systemic medications. ton is a disease entity which is not only under-diagnosed, but also often diagnosed at a stage when recovery of vision is not possible.  both genders and all races are equally affected, and all ages are susceptible. this article gives an overview of common causes, clinical features, and management of ton.